4,000 year old Egyptian model tools - images

A set of model tools unearthed from the Tomb of Ankhef. These date from the Middle Kingdom period in Egypt - around 2,000 BC.

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox1.jpg

Inscription reads: "The one in honor with Anubis, Lord of Kereret, Ankhef", followed by a list of tools that the box likely once contained: "6 axes, 6 adzes, 6 reamers, 6 saws".

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox2.jpg

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox3.jpg

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox4.jpg

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox5.jpg

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox6.jpg

These are models from this era; possibly the four thousand-year-old equivalent of a miniature? Note the length of the adze; that's just under 1 shesep (translation: approximately half of a double handbreath).

Or, for those of us who prefer to express our units of measurement in fractional hieroglyphics, that's about one-third of a https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...easurement.png

https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/h...f_toolbox7.jpg

On display now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan.


More: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544288

Previously:

https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...188#post103533
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...1427#post74392
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...4151#post79422
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...572#post104618
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...8939#post88345

Jon did the source of your information say where the original tool chest and tools are? And are they in "good" condition?

Phil

I believe those are the originals, displayed today at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. And that the originals were models or miniatures themselves.

What I don't understand is how the joints on that wood and plaster box survived thousands of years.

Jon
Was in Egypt last year and after seeing many artifacts in many tombs still intact, and being a 'wood' man myself, I'm quite sure that very low humidity along with deep secretive location in tombs, does not allow normal timber degradation to take place. The wind, rain and sun are what eats wood up...
Best to you and thank you for hosting this wonderful place.
Jim in Sunny (although NOT today) South Coast NSW, Australia

I thought it might be original at 1st but a closer look reveals a date inscribed on the box.
One would hope that some nob didnt go carving some pointless date into a 4000 year old artifact..........Attachment 24121

Quote:

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Originally Posted by 12bolts

I thought it might be original at 1st but a closer look reveals a date inscribed on the box.
One would hope that some nob didnt go carving some pointless date into a 4000 year old artifact

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I don't believe the numbers are carved into the box. They appear to be written on it in a purposely contrasting (red) ink color. While they could represent a date written in the European order (DMY, the dot separators suggest German), it's possible they are an artifact ID.

Even today, it's not unusual to find ID numbers applied directly to museum artifacts. Typically, an easily removable, obviously modern marking medium is used.

Excavations can yield many similar artifacts so some means of identifying them is essential. Researchers writing about the artifacts need some way of referring to a particular one and museums need some way of cataloging their collections.

Adhesive tags can fall off and leave residue. Tie on tags are fine but not suitable for artifacts that have no piercings. I suppose they decided that writing directly on the object was a good compromise.

Next time you're in a museum displaying recovered artifacts, look closely and I'll bet you'll be able to find similar markings.

On edit:

The accession number for the model adze is "17.9.19" with the first two numbers corresponding to those on the box. This suggests that the last number is the number applied to the items associated with the artifact, i.e., the box is item 31 of the collection known as 17.9 in the museum's records.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Jon

I believe those are the originals, displayed today at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. And that the originals were models or miniatures themselves.

What I don't understand is how the joints on that wood and plaster box survived thousands of years.

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A surprising amount of material lasts for thousands of years in those tombs. Not everything was made of gold in Egypt. {had to laugh at that} Even the Egyptian embalming processes preserved the bodies in surprisingly efficient manner. The extremely dry weather is of course a factor as is the fact that the sealed up tombs prevented a lot of handling for thousands of years.

On the flip side the box looks surprisingly utilitarian for burial in a tomb. Egyptian wood working was very advanced with examples of Dovetails being used in wood objects.

If you visit an exhibition of Egyptian artifiacts, such as the British Museum, you will see that wooden items seem to survive quite well for thousands of years, and if stored in tombs they look almost new.

I should like to know the materials in the cutting pieces.

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Originally Posted by neilbourjaily

I should like to know the materials in the cutting pieces.

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Most metal tools in ancient Egypt were made of bronze...

https://www.epiceras-ancientegypt.co...nze_tools.html

although a richly decorated iron dagger was found on Tut's body - an obvious sign that he valued it highly. The blade was made from meteoric iron indicating that they recognized its utility and understood how to work it. The absence of iron in everyday tools is probably due to the lack of iron deposits in that area of the world.

Bronze? I thought all they had was copper tools.

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Originally Posted by Big Sexy

Bronze? I thought all they had was copper tools.

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We normally think of bronze as an alloy of copper and tin. Tin wasn't easily available to the ancient Egyptians though. They alloyed the locally available copper with arsenic which hardened it into a form of bronze. It was probably somewhat inferior to tin based bronze but still tough enough to use for major stone work.

Partially quarried obelisks have provided evidence that metal tools weren't used for some major stone working tasks. Super hard, river bed, diorite balls were used as hammers to laboriously chip channels in the native rock after which fire heating and water quenching cracked the desired form loose from the parent rock.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Jon

I believe those are the originals, displayed today at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. And that the originals were models or miniatures themselves.

What I don't understand is how the joints on that wood and plaster box survived thousands of years.

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MUMMY JUICE..............:lol: