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Antique hat conformateur.
Fullsize image: https://diqn32j8nouaz.cloudfront.net...r_fullsize.jpg
https://diqn32j8nouaz.cloudfront.net...nformateur.jpg
Previously:
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...308#post138803
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...081#post120595
https://www.homemadetools.net/forum/...1278#post74097
Such are still used today. Go to nearly any custom hatter and get your head measured with the device. It will strike you a small diagram of your head "circumference." Kevin O'Farrell of Durango, CO had one for his eponymous O'Farrell's Hat Company.
How a conformateur is used. From James Lock & Co., the world's oldest hat shop. 1:49 video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNJffs8ZaoI
More: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lock_%26_Co.