The blades in a disposal are not really sharp, they don't cut they just mangle whatever is put into disposal. Works similar to a hammer mill. Some have fixed blades with mangling edges on both sides, so they cut either direction. Others have swinging blades that work either direction. The purpose of the reversal is to help clear jambs. They do have high starting torque.
The reverse feature on the ones I see is contained in the start switch circuit. Each time it starts, the switch resets to the other direction.
I cannot speak for all models used everywhere. The most common ones I see here in central Ohio, USA are "InSinkErator" brand.

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