Measuring the depth in a hole…
It is always a problem when you have no surface and no place for a common tool like a kaliper or a depth caliper.
Then last week when I have three particular pieces to modify, changing the Schaublin 38mm. thread by a M40X3 with an insert, and a result which does be in less than a tenth millimeter error, I find the solution with that tool, it's easy to understand how it works, you can use it with a micrometer or just with the moving piece.
You take the measurement in the tool with a classical caliper, and use the micrometer next to make the finish, or you can adjust the micrometer on somethig like a bearing and use it like a normal micrometer.
I hope my explanations are not too hard to understand and will be happy if that can solve a problem for you.
One of the pieces i modify.
http://www.lecollectionneur.ch/_Media/_dsc2523.jpeg
The inside view.
http://www.lecollectionneur.ch/_Media/_dsc2521.jpeg
And the new tool.
http://www.lecollectionneur.ch/_Media/_dsc2520.jpeg
On the lathe.
http://www.lecollectionneur.ch/_Media/_dsc2518.jpeg
Great idea with your design
I like the design and have considered making something similar but for limited use. I think I may start out with something simpler that won't have the micrometer head attached but will have a pin of the same diameter as the micrometer shank and have the measuring end reduced in diameter. I will substitute gage blocks to measure the gap distance between the moving end and the fixed pin.