Pretty much all of it started with ASCII because it was built into the keyboards and bios early on to handle (display/print) the alpha/numeric we use to communicate with, but that changed as computers went beyond 256. Actually Alt Codes came from MS trying to preserve the original and expanding it with bigger processing bytes/words (8, 16, 32, 64...). Now there is ASCII, ANSI, HTML & Unicode and maybe a few in between all being brought into
Unicode for fonts and escape derivatives...but it all goes back to binary and hex.
PJ