Somewhere in the dark corner of my memory I have an image of a specialty washer made just for carriage bolts. It had a square hole in the center and 4 spikes around the edge similar to the tee-nut you used. Put the washer on the bolt and insert in the wood plank. Tap the head of the bolt to start the spikes and as you tightened the bolt it pulled the washer flush and prevented spinning.
I've never seen these in a store, but have wished I had an assortment of sizes on hand from time to time.
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