Quote Originally Posted by hemmjo View Post
Seems like many countries are going to concrete ties as they are improving their rail systems. Made me wonder about the composition of that concrete, so I had to look it up.

Concrete Ties | Vossloh North America

https://www.lbfoster.com/en/market-s.../concrete-ties

https://precast.org/2010/07/railroad...crete-or-wood/
Very informative. Thanks for the links. They indicate these are 'pre-stressed' concrete ties. Which I would presume to mean an internal pre-stressed steel reinforcement of some sort. (Like pre-stressed concrete floors of a high-rise.) Though I didn't see any elaboration concerning their definition of pre-stressed.