That's a very interesting question. I've never heard of it happening on a small scale. I know it's certainly possible, but my take on it is that there are factors in a home workshop that limit the likelihood of dust explosion. Specifically, the dust has to be very fine, generated rapidly, and existing in a narrow window of concentration in the air.

Here's a small scale dust explosion demonstrated, at 1:27.



And here's an interesting take on the likelihood of PVC static electricity spark induced explosions in home workshops: Why dust explosions in a home woodshop are just a myth

The more accepted danger with wood dust in home shops is of course repeated exposure to the dust, which is recognized as a carcinogen.