The frames or ribs were composed of futtocks or sawn pieces of varying sizes which were scarfed together to form an entire frame like a sort of nautical jigsaw. The shipbuilders had to do this because they wouldn't use a complete tree to make a rib, as the grain was too fragile and unstable. Using futtocks (each one was given a number: first futtock, 2nd futtock etc.)made for a very strong rib/frame and allowed the builder to even use different types of wood for the frames, although oak was preferred. These builders were master carpenters and craftsmen. I have seen houses built by them and they are amazing!

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