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Thread: Turning pentagons on a lathe

  1. #1
    Supporting Member tonyfoale's Avatar
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    Turning pentagons on a lathe

    Jon recently posted a video ( Polygonal turning tool - video ) showing the method of turning polygons, multi-sided shapes, on a lathe using a rotating cutter. This was new to me but a quick internet search showed that it was a well known technique applicable for home hobbyists with limited facilities, as the video shows, as well as commercial users and is even used on CNC lathes. Even with CNC it is faster than some other methods such as indexed milling. metric-taper added to Jon's post with another homemade effort, albeit more complex. Here is a sample image of that

    Turning pentagons on a lathe-sample.jpg

    To satisfy my curiosity I needed to understand the mathematics behind this bit of magic. Internet searches came up with absolutely nothing. So I had to derive the expressions myself. I was expecting some complex geometry to solve but the reality is that the mathematics are very simple. I then prepared a design and understanding tool in the form of a spreadsheet to draw the shapes that could be made and that can be downloaded from https://diqn32j8nouaz.cloudfront.net...on_turning.xls.
    I have also prepared a PDF file which gives a full explanation of how this method works and that can be downloaded from
    https://diqn32j8nouaz.cloudfront.net...on_turning.pdf

    Here are some sample images from the spreadsheet:

    Turning pentagons on a lathe-pentagon.jpg Turning pentagons on a lathe-3-sides.jpg Click for full size images.
    On the left is a hexagon formed with a gear ratio of 2 and 3 cutters on the cutting shaft. Workpiece and cutters rotating in the same direction.
    On the right we see a gear ratio of 3, 1 cutter and opposite sense rotation.


    Turning pentagons on a lathe-four.jpg Turning pentagons on a lathe-fourreversed.jpg
    Both of these 4 sided shapes are cut with a 2:1 gear ratio with 2 cutters, the only difference is the sense of the rotation, same sense on the left and opposite sense on the right.

    The spreadsheet is a useful design tool for anyone using this turning technique, read the PDF and it will become crystal clear. For those who want the full story the derivation of the simple mathematics is included.

    Of course we need the obligatory video, just 50 seconds of Youtube shorts, this shows a slow animated simulation which clearly demonstrates the interactions between the cutting edges and the workpiece, resulting in a near straight surface. The parameters of the simulation were a gear ratio of 2:1, the cutter radius was double the workpiece radius, rotation was same sense and one cutting edge. In reality this would cut a two sided figure but the simulation is limited to one.


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  2. The Following 15 Users Say Thank You to tonyfoale For This Useful Post:

    albertq (May 31, 2024), Carnel (Nov 22, 2022), Christophe Mineau (Nov 21, 2022), Frank S (Apr 7, 2024), greenie (Nov 19, 2022), Home-PC (Nov 22, 2022), Jon (Nov 19, 2022), kboy0076 (Nov 25, 2022), lassab999 (Nov 27, 2022), metric_taper (Nov 21, 2022), nova_robotics (Nov 21, 2022), Ralphxyz (May 30, 2024), rlm98253 (Nov 27, 2022), Saltfever (Nov 22, 2022), Toolmaker51 (Nov 25, 2022)

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    Thanks tonyfoale! We've added your Pentagon Cutting Method to our Machining category,
    as well as to your builder page: tonyfoale's Homemade Tools. Your receipt:




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    Supporting Member BuffaloJohn's Avatar
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    A pentagon is a five sided polygon, what you have shown is a hexagon. What am I missing?

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    Supporting Member tonyfoale's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by BuffaloJohn View Post
    A pentagon is a five sided polygon, what you have shown is a hexagon. What am I missing?
    Brain fart, all fixed now.

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    Supporting Member Toolmaker51's Avatar
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    I'll have to examine my Lyman tumblers (they work well on cartridge cases) to see if import versions utilize original logical mechanics and physics.

    Tony, by his nature, wired any classes in practical physics long ago. Such physics are as much visualization as is theory, hypotheses and computation.
    There is a sizable population without capability to work those together; yes it's true!

    Started watching here in hmt.net; got distracted and it finished. Of course the usual suggestions popped up, so finished in youtube.com.

    If there is any proof in the decline of mechanical ability, indolent students, and those unable to follow a clear discussion; it's loud and clear in the comments section.
    Wow.
    One clearly a type, expecting the professor to show up and do it for him.
    Wow again.
    Sincerely,
    Toolmaker51
    ...we'll learn more by wandering than searching...

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    Supporting Member gatz's Avatar
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    That’s very interesting. Gonna have read it a few more times to fully understand it.
    Mentioned in the animated video is “near flat surfaces” what does that mean?.. flat within what?
    the Russian(?) version seems to be well thought out. In lieu of a chain drive at the end of the lathe bed, perhaps a heavy-duty drive belt or an Eagle drive belt
    would satisfy the needed flexibility requirement and would be less noisy.
    The CV joint looks like it would work nicely.

  8. #7
    Supporting Member Toolmaker51's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by gatz View Post
    Mentioned in the animated video is “near flat surfaces” what does that mean?.. flat within what?
    Flat as performed by a rotating cutter on the same axis, the amount dependent of width of face in question.

    Not forever, but this capability is in multi-axis CNC lathes, though most run a mill on each face been around a while.
    At any rate, those cutters are driven, timed with but not connected to main spindle and called "live tools". Slitting, drilling, milling, engraving, of features in place, versus secondary work on other machines.
    Last edited by Toolmaker51; Nov 27, 2022 at 09:59 PM.
    Sincerely,
    Toolmaker51
    ...we'll learn more by wandering than searching...

  9. #8
    Supporting Member tonyfoale's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by gatz View Post
    That’s very interesting. Gonna have read it a few more times to fully understand it.
    Mentioned in the animated video is “near flat surfaces” what does that mean?.. flat within what?
    The examples in the PDF show how the flatness of the sides is dependent on the basic parameters. The eXcel file allows you to play with parameters and see just how near flat any particular combination of parameters will produce.

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    Supporting Member tonyfoale's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Toolmaker51 View Post
    Flat as performed by a rotating cutter on the same axis, the amount dependent of width of face in question.
    The rotating cutter has to be on a different axis or it can only cut circular shapes.

    Quote Originally Posted by Toolmaker51 View Post
    Not forever, but this capability is in multi-axis CNC lathes, though most run a mill on each face been around a while.
    At any rate, those cutters are driven, timed with but not connected to main spindle .
    When this technique is applied to manual machines the cutter spindle is connected to the main spindle through mechanical means to achieve the timing and appropriate gear ratio.

  11. The Following User Says Thank You to tonyfoale For This Useful Post:

    Toolmaker51 (Nov 28, 2022)

  12. #10
    Supporting Member tonyfoale's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Toolmaker51 View Post
    I'll have to examine my Lyman tumblers (they work well on cartridge cases) to see if import versions utilize original logical mechanics and physics.
    You may find this earlier post on vibratory tumblers to be of interest, I suggest watching the video all the way through.
    Fixing more Harbor Freight stuff. Vibrating Tumbler.

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    Toolmaker51 (Nov 28, 2022)

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