Is that rebar grid pattern on the floor about 8" square or is it 12" square?
the pattern on the vertical pattern looks to be about 6 x6 if so that would make the foundation about 10" thick and from the looks of them about 3 ft high
I'm noticing taller verticals at the corners as well
as for the holes the one shown looks to be about a foot in diameter. Does it go down about 3 feet or more and slightly bell out at the bottom or could you tell?
I've seen anchor piles like those on slab pours where the building's foundation is poured above the basement floor, but if you were to ask me I would say they are cost cutting by not pouring a beam below the floor